![]() In systems theory, the black box is an abstraction representing a class of concrete open system which can be viewed solely in terms of its stimuli inputs and output reactions: Both have focus on input and output flows, representing exchanges with the surroundings. System theory The open system theory is the foundation of black box theory. Many other engineers, scientists and epistemologists, such as Mario Bunge, used and perfected the black box theory in the 1960s. ![]() He saw the first step in self-organization as being to be able to copy the output behavior of a black box. A black box was described by Norbert Wiener in 1961 as an unknown system that was to be identified using the techniques of system identification. ![]() In cybernetics, a full treatment was given by Ross Ashby in 1956. Vitold Belevitch puts the concept of black-boxes even earlier, attributing the explicit use of two-port networks as black boxes to Franz Breisig in 1921 and argues that 2-terminal components were implicitly treated as black-boxes before that. Although Cauer did not himself use the term, others who followed him certainly did describe the method as black-box analysis. In electronic circuit theory the process of network synthesis from transfer functions, which led to electronic circuits being regarded as "black boxes" characterized by their response to signals applied to their ports, can be traced to Wilhelm Cauer who published his ideas in their most developed form in 1941. The modern meaning of the term "black box" seems to have entered the English language around 1945. History A black box model can be used to describe the outputs of systems. The opposite of a black box is a system where the inner components or logic are available for inspection, which is most commonly referred to as a white box (sometimes also known as a "clear box" or a "glass box"). The usual representation of this black box system is a data flow diagram centered in the box. To analyse an open system with a typical "black box approach", only the behavior of the stimulus/response will be accounted for, to infer the (unknown) box. The term can be used to refer to many inner workings, such as those of a transistor, an engine, an algorithm, the human brain, or an institution or government. Read the rules.In science, computing, and engineering, a black box is a system which can be viewed in terms of its inputs and outputs (or transfer characteristics), without any knowledge of its internal workings. ![]() Whether it is yours or theirs, there are no allowable exceptions or appealable circumstances. Going there in any way at all will result in an irrevocable ban. Piracy / Crack / Hack discussion is not allowed. Provide the version of Pro Tools, the operating system, the error number, hardware involved, and what you have tried. The post title should only be a very short / concise description of the problem. If you are given given an error number, add it to the front of the post titleĭo not make sensationalized post titles like stating you need help (all posters do and it is not truly informative), urgency (it's always urgent), all caps, or excessive punctuation. Everyone is welcome, from industry veterans to bedroom engineers.īe sure to check out our wiki pages for more information regarding Pro Tools links to shortcuts, FAQs, Guides and Tutorials, Plugins and more. Subreddit Info and Rules Pro Tools Shortcuts Production & Engineering Subreddits FAQ Guides and Tutorials PlugIns r/ProTools on Discord About r/ProTools ![]()
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![]() ![]() A new window will open with instructions for performing the installation.Type in your device’s password and press OK. A window will open asking for permission in order to install “Helper.” This is a tool that is there to build secure VPN tunnels. ![]() ![]() Locate the file NordVPN.pkg in the Downloads folder from your Mac device.Then download NordVPN’s OpenVPN version.This is how you download, set up, and use NordVPN on macOSĭo you prefer the NordVPN OpenVPN app version? Here is how to set up and run it on a macOS device. This means your connection is completely secure now. You will see your status turning to CONNECTED.For instance, to view US Netflix, connect to a US location. To connect to the server, double-click the location if you have a preference. The application will set up a connection with the closest server.A notification asking for permission to install VPN Configurations will be displayed by the app.To connect to the closest/quickest NordVPN server, select the Quick Connect button in the top right corner. You’ll be signed into the Mac version of the NordVPN app.The NordVPN for macOS will immediately download and install on your Mac as a result of the previous step.The NordVPN app will open for you in the app store.Give your permission or select “Open App Store.” You might need to allow permission to access the App Store depending on your browser’s settings.Now search for “ Nord VPN Download Mac” on another window and begin downloading it.Get this NordVPN membership offer first!.It makes use of the fast and dependable IKEv2/IPSec protocol, which doesn’t compromise privacy or security. Method 1: Install The NordVPN IKEv2 App On macOSįor Users who don’t know about macOS 10.12 and later versions are compatible with the IKEv2 NordVPN app. Setting up the NordVPN OpenVPN app on your Mac.Downloading the NordVPN IKEv2 program on macOS.There are two ways to install NordVPN on a Mac, In this article, we will go through every question that you may have related to NordVPN and how to install it on macOS. You can either directly install NordVPN on your macOS with the help of the NordVPN IKEv2 app from the App Store or you can do so by going to NordVPN’s website. You can read briefly about low-budget VPN. If you have a macOS device, and you want to install NordVPN App, you are at the right place to get it for your device.Īs per my experience, there are so many different and easy ways to install NordVPN service on your macOS easily either via its app or website. ![]() ![]() Read also:- How to check Palindrome number in java.Read also:- How to prime Number in java.We hope you have followed the above steps to run a Java program in command prompt and your written Java program has been successfully compiled and run. Step 6 – Use the following command, To run the Java program class file with the same name as the file name at the same location. Read also:- How to set java path in windows.Īfter compile a Java program, it creates a.Take breaks when needed, and go over the examples as many times as needed. Java is an object oriented language and some concepts may be new. We recommend reading this tutorial, in the sequence listed in the left menu. Learn how we can run a Java program on an Online Compiler and set/ display command line arguments. Read also:- How to install java in windows. Try it Yourself Click on the 'Run example' button to see how it works.Note:- If you encounter this ‘ ”javac” is not recognized as an internal or external command’ error while compiling the code, This means your system may not have JAVA installed or Java is installed but the path is not set in system environment. Note: – javac is used to compile the code Step 5 – Use the following command, To compile the Java program. Note: cd means – change directory, basically we use cd only when we want to move from one directory to another in command prompt. Solved Java Output Formatting in Java solution in Hackerrank - Hacerrank solution Java. Simple Division Program Example in C Programming. 1006 Beecrowd Online Judge Solution 1006 Average 2 - Solution in C, C++, Java, Python and C. So, use the following code to access the code folder. Leap Year Solution in C Programming Language using 4 types C Code Example. if there are any links which can run and compile servlets please. ![]() since I dont want to setup apache tomcat server or any other server.on my machine. We have saved our Java program code in the code folder which is located on the desktop. It contains bytecode, which is binary program code that is executable when run by a Java. Actually i want to know which website can compile & run servlets like there are many sites which can compile and run java source files. To compile and run a java program we will use command prompt (cmd). So to open cmd press windows logo + r then type cmd and press OK, Alternatively Type cmd in the windows search box and click on the cmd app. ![]() ![]() In American and British engineering, another common unit is pound-seconds per square foot (lb This makes the viscosity of water at 20 ☌ about 1 cP or 1 mPa However, you’ll often see viscosity expressed in terms of pascal-second (Pa The SI unit for viscosity is newton-second per square meter (N And, of course, dynamic viscosity and kinematic viscosity have different units. While the relationship is straightforward, it’s important to remember two fluids with the same dynamic viscosity values may have different densities and thus difference kinematic viscosity values. Absolute or dynamic viscosity is a measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow while kinematic viscosity is the ratio of dynamic viscosity to a fluid’s density. Gas viscosity is not significantly affected by intermolecular attraction, but by increasing temperature, which causes more molecules to collide. As gas temperature increases, viscosity increases. The effect of temperature on viscosity is the opposite for gases. Temperature increases in a liquid decreases viscosity because it gives molecules enough energy to overcome intermolecular attraction. ![]() Temperature, however, has the greatest impact on viscosity. Sugar, for example, makes water more viscous. Adding molecules can have a significant effect. Pressure has a small effect on liquids and is often ignored. Examples include temperature, pressure, and the addition of other molecules. A fluid with a low viscosity is said to be “thin,” while a high viscosity fluid is said to be “thick.” It is easier to move through a low-viscosity fluid (like water) than a high-viscosity fluid (like honey). When we fill the same cup with water, for example, the water will drain much more quickly. This is because honey’s viscosity is relatively high when compared to other liquids. I notice that the cup drains very slowly when we pour honey into it. Consider a cup made of styrofoam with a hole at the bottom. ![]() The best way to visualize this is through an example. Just like in the case of friction between moving solids, viscosity will determine the energy required to make a fluid flow. This can also be considered to be friction between the molecules. ![]() On a molecular level, viscosity is caused by the interactions between different molecules in a fluid. Fluids with low viscosity flow easily because their molecular makeup creates little friction when they are in motion. Viscous fluids resist motion because their molecular makeup creates a lot of internal friction. A fluid’s viscosity is a measure of its resistance to flow. It describes the internal friction of a moving fluid. ![]() ![]() Once registration closes, we will publish the full list of participants so you can start planning your fest! If you’re a local business interested in having a booth at the ABR Marketplace, please apply for the Marketplace here.ĬOMING SOON: The full list of participating breweries! Registration for breweries and brewpubs is currently open (breweries and brewpubs, register here). If you’re interested in volunteering, please sign up to volunteer here! As a nonprofit, we rely on the help of sponsors, staff, and volunteers to put on a safe and fun fest for everybody. ![]() Proceeds from this festival support the Guild’s nonprofit mission to promote, protect, and grow the MN craft beer industry. Buy yours by September 30 to get the best deal!
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![]() ![]() Started to notice mistakes in the original map and decided to redo it with skills I've picked up along the way. Well that map blew up and basically kickstarted my Patreon and since then I've learned a bunch about editing maps. I made it to help get a visual of the political landscape in the Realms as I felt no map out there really did that. Hi everybody! So awhile back I posted the Faerun map I made for my own campaign on here. Used as many canon sources as I could so all the information should be on the level. ![]() The Goal of the map is to provide a complete picture of Faerun, Nations City States, Borders and all. (Based on an 3E Map that has been overhauled) Please instead reply in the ongoing threads rather than making new ones.įeel free to add to the community resource folder and the resource list. Limit Direct Response Posts - New posts that could reasonably serve as a reply to a different post that is in the top 40 of “Hot” may be removed by the moderators at their discretion. No low-effort/OC/image posts - Official sources, homebrew images, and new information/product photos are the exception. No D&D Beyond content sharing posts - DDB Content sharing is restricted to the weekly thread which you can find here For info on how to filter by flair on various apps and sites click here. For more information on which flair to use check here. Limit Homebrew - You may only post one new homebrew thread per day.Īll posts must be flaired - Submissions should be flaired with an appropriate flair. Limit self-promotional links - Any self-promotional external links (such as blogs, storefronts or Kickstarters) must be related to D&D and posted no more than once every 14 days. Text memes should be relevant to discussion. Use clear, concise title names - Titles must be clear, concise, and not worded in a misleading fashion.ĭo not post memes or joke posts - Meme images should be posted on /r/dndmemes. Do not suggest ways for such material to be obtained. Please respect the opinions of people who play differently than you do.ĭo not suggest piracy - Any non-fair use posts containing closed content from WotC or any third party will be removed. Please join us on our discord, and our new Lemmy server:īe civil to one another - Unacceptable behavior includes name calling, taunting, baiting, flaming, etc. r/DnDBehindTheScreen - The place for a DM's view.A place to discuss the latest version of Dungeons & Dragons, the fifth edition, known during the playtest as D&D Next. r/dnd - For discussion related to Dungeons & Dragons Other subreddits that might be of interest: r/Neverwinter - A place for those interested in the MMORPG set in the city of Neverwinter r/idlechampions - Official sub for the idle-clicker game Idle Champions of the Forgotten Realms r/icewinddale - A sub focused on the IWD CPRG series r/Drizzt - A sub for fans of the iconic realms character r/AdventurersLeague - Dedicated to D&D's new organized play set in FR Icewind Dale: Rime of the Frostmaiden - 15 September 2020Įdverse home of Ed Greenwood, the creator of the Realms Tasha's Cauldron of Everything - 17 November 2020Īt the Spine of the World - 21 October 2020 PLEASE - Do not link to copyright infringing materials, and report any that you find! El: I'm looking at you, Volo! Current Clack Here lies a place for tales, news, resources and lore regarding the Forgotten Realms! (Not administered by or affiliated with Wizards of the Coast, LLC in any way). ![]() ![]() In other words, the entropy of mixing is not a continuous function of the degree of difference between the two substances. This is the mixing paradox which states that if the two substances are identical, there will be no entropy change, yet the slightest detectable difference between the two will yield a considerable entropy change, and this is just the entropy of mixing. (In this sense, then the term "entropy of mixing" is a misnomer, since the entropy increase is not due to any "mixing" effect.) Nevertheless, the two substances must be different for the entropy of mixing to exist. ![]() The entropy of mixing may be calculated by Gibbs' Theorem which states that when two different substances mix, the entropy increase upon mixing is equal to the entropy increase that would occur if the two substances were to expand alone into the mixing volume. If the substances being mixed are initially at different temperatures and pressures, there will, of course, be an additional entropy increase in the mixed substance due to these differences being equilibrated, but if the substances being mixed are initially at the same temperature and pressure, the entropy increase will be entirely due to the entropy of mixing. We assume that the mixing process has reached thermodynamic equilibrium so that the mixture is uniform and homogeneous. This entropy change must be positive since there is more uncertainty about the spatial locations of the different kinds of molecules when they are interspersed. ![]() The entropy of mixing (also known as configurational entropy) is the change in the entropy, an extensive thermodynamic quantity, when two different chemical substances or components are mixed. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Hostilities with the Junkions were settled with the arrival of Hot Rod and Kup, Ultra Magnus was revived, and a brief celebration was held wherein Daniel showed he could boogey down.ĭaniel joined the combined Autobot-Junkion attack force in the assault on Unicron. Daniel proved his worth in this battle by smacking Junkion leader Wreck-Gar with an I-beam, saving a prone Springer. He did not get much time to enjoy the suit, as yet another Decepticon assault left Ultra Magnus dead and stirred the native Junkions into violent action. (We forgive Daniel's crying on this occasion, as everyone else cried as well.)Įscaping from a second Decepticon attack, Daniel and a group of Autobots were stranded on Junkion, where Daniel donned his father's old exosuit to weather the harsh environment. ![]() He wears a matching "D" on his underroos.įollowing a brutal battle in which he was almost killed, Daniel tearfully witnessed the death of Optimus Prime, sobbing on the fallen commander's hand as the color left his corpse. 1.5 Dreamwave Generation One continuityįiction Generation 1 cartoon continuity The Transformers cartoon Voice actor: David Mendenhall (English), Mayumi Tanaka (Japanese, The Movie), Masumi Gotō (Japanese, Transformers 2010), Yoshiko Kamei (Japanese, The Rebirth), Zhang Anna (Chinese), Francette Vernillat (European French, "Surprise Party" & "Madman's Paradise"), Francesco Pezzulli (Italian, The Movie first dub), Alessia La Monica (Italian, The Movie second dub), Dirk Meyer (German, The Ultimate Weapon), Ana Orra (Spain-Spanish, The Movie), Oberdan Junior (Portuguese, "The Movie" TV dub), Selton Mello (Portuguese, "The Movie" VHS dub). ![]() ![]() ![]() By understanding your feelings, you can gain deeper insights into your emotional patterns, personal triggers, and coping mechanisms. Whether reflecting on a life-changing event or exploring your reactions to a particular book, it’s crucial to delve into your emotional journey. A reflective essay offers a safe space to navigate complex emotions, understand emotional responses, and articulate emotional growth. In fact, reflecting on our feelings and emotions is an exercise in emotional intelligence. Emotional Intelligence: Exploring Your Emotions in a Reflective EssayĮxploring your emotions forms an essential part of the reflective writing process. Whether it’s a book that changed your perspective, a character you deeply resonated with, or a theme that made you rethink your beliefs, reflective essays about literature can be a powerful way to explore your thoughts, feelings, and reactions to the written word. A classic novel, a thought-provoking non-fiction book, or a compelling piece of poetry can provoke deep reflection and become the subject of a reflective essay. Using Books and Literature as a Catalyst for Reflectionīooks and literature often serve as a catalyst for reflection. How did it change you? What did you learn about yourself? How have you evolved as a result? Answering these questions can lead to profound insights and self-discovery. When writing a reflective essay, it’s essential to not only describe the event or experience but also to delve into how it contributed to your growth as a person. Whether it’s overcoming a personal challenge, learning a new skill, or undergoing a transformative life experience, these growth narratives form the backbone of reflective essays. Reflective essays often serve as a mirror, reflecting your journey of growth. Examining Growth Through Reflective Essays: A Journey of Self-Discovery The goal here is to create an engaging and compelling narrative that captures your personal insights and emotional journey in the most authentic way possible. The creative door is wide open when writing a reflective essay, allowing you to experiment with different writing styles, narrative structures, and descriptive techniques. The very nature of reflective essays – introspective, personal, and subjective – calls for creative expression. Creative Expression: The Heart of a Reflective EssayĬreative writing goes hand in hand with reflective essays. Reflective essays are not just a recounting of events, but a deep exploration of how those events influenced your outlook on life, reshaped your beliefs, or contributed to your personal growth. ![]() A well-written reflective essay should vividly describe the experience, delve into the feelings it evoked, and critically analyze the impact it had on you. As such, personal experience plays a crucial role in reflective essays. It’s through such experiences that we learn, grow, and evolve. Reflective writing revolves around personal experiences. The Importance of Personal Experiences in Reflective Writing Writing a reflective essay can be a powerful way to articulate your growth and discoveries, making it an essential tool for creative and personal writing. ![]() Unlike other forms of academic writing, a reflective essay is more subjective and focuses more on your personal perspectives and interpretations. Introduction to Reflective Essay: An Exploration of SelfĪ reflective essay is a type of personal writing that allows you to explore and document your thoughts, feelings, and insights about a particular subject or experience.
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